Advances in Potato Cytogenetics: From Classical Karyotyping to Molecular Chromosomal Mapping in Solanum tuberosum and its Relatives
Author : MM Sonparote, PG Khapekar, VS Dhoran and VP Deshmukh
Abstract :
Solanum tuberosum (potato) belonging to the family Solanaceae is an economically vital crop which includes diverse cultivars and wild relatives with global distribution. Recently research in potato have increased due to its complex cytogenetic architecture, defined by dynamic ploidy variations and intricate structural chromosome alterations. Historically, it was studied via classical macro-microscopy, but recently shifted toward modern advancements in molecular cytogenetics. This review aims towards the recent protocol of induction and identification of ploidy in wild and cultivated potatoes by mitotic windows, microtubule inhibitors like para-dichlorobenzene or oryzalin, and Feulgen staining or flow cytometry. While traditional ribosomal FISH and GISH present vital landmarks, they leave homologous gaps now resolved by state-of-the-art Oligo-FISH painting. By the use of sequence-derived oligonucleotide probes to create multi-color physical bar codes, this approach enables the unambiguous sorting of complex chromosome complements, bridging the gap between cytological observation and physical genomic mapping. There remains a need for further research which include integration of next-generation sequencing and pan-genomic data to put forth a "sequence-ready" cytogenetic framework, validate de novo assemblies, and accelerate precision breeding programs.
Keywords :
Solanum, potato, ploidy, cytogenetic, chromosome, FISH, GISH.
