Rocks and Landforms of Asirgarh Area, M.P. India: A Field-Based Perspective
Author : Mayura Deshmukh
Abstract :
The geology and geomorphology of the study area, situated between latitudes 21°11′–21°52′N and longitudes 75°55′–76°30′E within Burhanpur District, Madhya Pradesh, reflect a complex interplay of volcanic construction, chemical weathering, and fluvial processes. The region forms part of the central highlands of the Deccan Plateau and is characterized by approximately 460 m of horizontally bedded basaltic lava flows belonging to the Deccan Traps (Malwa Group), emplaced during Late Cretaceous–Early Paleogene volcanism. These basalt flows define extensive plateaus and ridges, while Quaternary alluvium, restricted to the Tapi and Chhota Tawa river valleys, forms narrow floodplains and depositional tracts.
Field mapping and stratigraphic logging reveal the presence of both “aa” and “pahoehoe” basaltic flow types, distinguished by columnar jointing, vesicular zones, and mineral-filled amygdales. Petrological observations indicate significant chemical alteration, with secondary minerals such as chlorite, calcite, and zeolites filling vesicles, underscoring the role of post-volcanic weathering in modifying the basaltic terrain. Geomorphologically, the landscape exhibits feature of a mature fluvial system, with spheroidal weathering shaping upland plateaus and fluvial erosion sculpting valleys and transporting sediments to form alluvial plains.
The integrated analysis suggests that the present landscape represents a transitional phase wherein primary volcanic features are progressively reworked into secondary geomorphic forms under subtropical climatic conditions. This study highlights the importance of combining geological and geomorphological approaches to understand the long-term evolution of the Deccan Plateau.
Keywords :
Landforms, Field, Geomorphology.
