A Review on Bioaccumulation of Lead and its Effects on Human Health
Author : Shree Bhagwan and Dr. Ashok Kumar
Abstract :
Lead (Pb) toxicity is a persistent global health and environmental concern due to its widespread presence and non-degradable nature. This review explores the harmful effects of lead exposure on human health, focusing on its neurological, cardiovascular, reproductive, and developmental impacts. Mechanisms of lead toxicity, including oxidative stress, disruption of cellular signaling pathways, and bioaccumulation, are examined to understand its multifaceted effects. Environmental pathways of lead exposure, such as contamination of water, soil, and air, highlight its pervasive nature. This paper also reviews advances in mitigation strategies, including phytoremediation, chelation therapy, and policy interventions, to address lead contamination and its associated risks. Emphasis is placed on real-world case studies and implementation challenges to bridge the gap between research and practice. By synthesizing recent findings, this review underscores the urgent need for integrated approaches to mitigate lead toxicity and protect human and ecological health.
Keywords :
Lead toxicity, human health, environmental contamination, oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, bioaccumulation, phytoremediation, chelation therapy, public health, mitigation strategies.
