The Rise of the Gig Workforce in Mumbai: Socioeconomic Drivers, Employment Opportunities and Human Resource Policy Implications in the Context of Urban India
Author : Amishi Turakhia
Abstract :
The rise of the gig workforce has significantly changed Mumbai’s employment landscape. With increasing digital connectivity, urban migration and a shift in work values, the city’s labor market is now characterized by flexibility, autonomy and short-term engagements. From food delivery riders and cab drivers to freelance designers, content creators and tutors, gig work is a key part of the city’s economic and social structure.
This research paper explores the socioeconomic drivers that have accelerated the rise of the gig economy in Mumbai, its contribution to employment opportunities and the implications it holds for Human Resource Management and policy formulation in urban India. It examines the benefits that gig work offers in promoting inclusion, flexibility and skill development while also highlighting its challenges, including job insecurity, lack of social protection and algorithmic control. The study also compares Mumbai’s gig workforce trends with those of other major Indian metropolitan cities to identify key similarities and contrasts.
The findings suggest that while Mumbai’s gig economy offers significant potential for empowerment and innovation, it also exposes workers to vulnerabilities that require urgent HR and policy intervention. The paper concludes by emphasizing the need for a balanced approach that preserves the flexibility of gig work while ensuring fair treatment, security and social inclusion for all workers.
Keywords :
Gig Economy, Mumbai Workforce, Digital Platforms, Flexible Employment, Urban Labor Market, Freelancing, On-Demand Work.
