Wetlands: Nature’s Lifeline for a Sustainable Earth
Author : Dr. Sonia Deval
Abstract :
Wetlands are areas where water covers the soil, or is present either at or near the surface of the soil all year or for varying periods of time during the year, including during the growing season. “Wetland” comes from wetness or humidity, a term that does not necessarily refer to a body of water that floods a particular piece of land. It means something more subtle, referring to the link between water and land. This link is not always visible but is critical to balance various terrestrial ecosystems. Water saturation largely determines how the soil develops and the types of plant and animal communities living in and on the soil. Wetlands may support both aquatic and terrestrial species. The prolonged presence of water creates conditions that favour the growth of specially adapted plants (hydrophytes) and promote the development of characteristic wetland (hydric) soils.
Wetlands are essential for key municipal functions, naturally purifying water, controlling floods and supplying sustainable fresh water. They foster economic and livelihood activities like tourism, fisheries, and agriculture, contributing to the overall prosperity of communities around the globe. Based on their central life-sustaining role for so many communities, wetlands are cherished by communities worldwide, enhancing social well-being, offering recreational opportunities, holding deep cultural and spiritual significance, and fostering community well-being and resilience.
Keywords :
Terrestrial, ecosystem, hydrophytes, wetland, sustainable.
