Toxic Role of Alcohol is Ongoing Health Issue-A Review
Author : RKN Priyangika, Mukesh Prajapathi, Amol S Kadu, Dinesh Kumawat and Anita Sharma
Abstract :
Ethanol toxicity can occur in both acute and chronic settings, representing two different spectrums of disease. The toxicity results from the ingestion of ethanol, usually in large quantities from beverage ethanol, commonly as alcohol, and non-beverage ethanol as cough medicine (Vonghia L, 2008). Ethanol primarily metabolized in the liver by alcohol dehydrogenase to acetaldehyde. The primary site of acute ethanol toxicity is the central nervous system and later in liver. Alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD), a potentially pathologic condition, can progress to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis or cancer, leading to an increased probability of hepatic failure and death. The objective of this study is finds out the biological effect and mechanism of ethanol toxicity. Search was done on pub med and Google scholar and extracted the data as per the PRISMA statement.
Ethanol act as a non-familiar chemical to body and provide xenobiotic action which interfere the biological action as toxin. Alcohol, as a hepatotoxin, causes hepatocellular damage via ethanol metabolism-induced oxidative stress and the inflammatory response in the liver Alcohol metabolism is attained by both oxidative pathways, which either add oxygen or remove hydrogen, and nonoxidative pathways. Acetaldehyde is the key toxin in alcohol-induced liver injury, that cause cellular damage, inflammation, extracellular matrix remodelling, and fibrogenesis.
Keywords :
Ethanol, liver, hepatotoxicity
