Effect of Urbanization on Biodiversity of Birds and Small Mammals
Author : Dr. Pankaja Sharma
Abstract :
Urbanization is a dominant global phenomenon reshaping landscapes and profoundly affecting ecological communities. Birds and small mammals are particularly responsive to changes in land use due to their ecological sensitivity, mobility, and habitat requirements. This paper analyzes empirical data on declines in species richness, shifts in abundance, and alterations in population genetics associated with urban expansion. Using global and regional datasets, we document patterns of biodiversity loss, changes in community structure, and differences between generalist and specialist species. Observed trends indicate that urbanization disproportionately favors adaptable species while threatening habitat specialists, with implications for ecosystem function and conservation policy. The findings emphasize the importance of habitat connectivity, urban green infrastructure, and integrative planning for sustainable biodiversity conservation.
Keywords :
Small mammals, urbanization, birds
